速溶薏米粉的制备及其特性研究

以超高压改性与高压均质相结合为关键技术制备速溶薏米粉，并对速溶薏米粉营养成分及其特性进行了测定。结果表明，制备的速溶薏米粉主要营养成分保存较好，抗性淀粉含量显著增加，休止角较小，堆积密度较大，结块率较小，冲调性和蛋白质分散性较好，消化率较低，香气风味及色泽等稍逊于常见谷物粉，但口感较好，为薏米冲调食品的开发提供依据。     

青钱柳红豆杉混交造林技术试验

进行了青钱柳红豆杉混交林、纯林造林技术试验。经过3年经营管理,对林木生长量进行了调查,幼林林木生长良好。结果显示:青钱柳红豆杉混交林幼林林木生长量,比青钱柳、红豆杉纯林幼林林木树高大于2.89%、29.66%,平均胸径粗于17.07%、23.08%,平均树冠宽于6.02%、19.72%。     

Variation and heritability of morphological and physiological traits among Leymus chinensis genotypes under different environmental conditions

Intraspecific trait variation and heritability in different environmental conditions not only suggest a potential for an evolutionary response but also have important ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. However, the contribution of quantitative trait variation within a grassland species to evolutionary responses or ecological consequences is seldom documented. Leymus chinensis is an important dominant species in semi-arid grasslands of China, which has seriously suffered from drought and high temperature stresses in recent decades. In the present study, we measured variation and heritability of 10 quantitative traits, namely the number of tillers, maximum shoot height, number of rhizomes, maximum rhizome length, rhizome mass, aboveground mass, root mass, maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax), specific leaf area(SLA), and leaf length to leaf width ratio(LL/LW), for 10 genotypes of L. chinensis under one non-stress(Ck) condition and three environmental stress conditions(i.e., drought(Dr), high temperature(Ht), and both drought and high temperature(DrHt)). Result indicated that(1) the interaction of genotype and environmental condition(G×E) was significant for 6 traits but not significant for the other 4 traits as shown by two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), suggesting that different selection forces were placed for different traits on the factors dominating phenotypic responses to different environmental conditions. Moreover, these significant G×E effects on traits indicated significantly different phenotypic adaptive responses among L. chinensis genotypes to different environmental conditions. Additionally, individuals could be grouped according to environmental condition rather than genotype as shown by canonical discriminant analysis, indicating that environmental condition played a more important role in affecting phenotypic variation than genotype;(2) by one-way ANOVA, significant differences among L. chinensis genotypes were found in all 10 traits under Ck and Dr conditions, in 8 traits under Dr Ht condition and only in 4 traits under Ht condition; and(3) all 10 traits showed relatively low or non-measurable broad-sense heritability(H_2) under stress conditions. However, the lowest H_2 value for most traits did not occur under DrHt condition, which supported the hypothesis of 'unfavorable conditions have unpredictable effects' rather than 'unfavorable conditions decrease heritability'. Results from our experiment might aid to improve predictions on the potential impacts of climate changes on L. chinensis and eventually species conservation and ecosystem restoration.     

圆柏对几种农田杂草及作物的化感潜力分析

为探究圆柏（Sabina chinensis）的化感作用，本研究采用培养皿滤纸法研究圆柏叶片浸提液对地肤（Kochia scoparia）、稗草（Echinochloa crusgalli）、藜（Chenopodium album）、反枝苋（Amaranthus retroflexus）、马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea）5种杂草种子和向日葵（Helianthus annuus）、燕麦（Avena sativa）、油菜（Brassica campestris）、荞麦（Fagopyrum esculentum）4种作物萌发和生长的影响，并用圆柏叶片、树枝、树皮粉末和浸提液进行盆栽抑草效果检测。结果表明：圆柏叶片浸提液对5种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长具有显著的抑制作用，对地肤、藜、反枝苋萌发及生长的化感效应指数均在-0.98以上；盆栽抑草结果表明，圆柏不同部位对5种杂草种子萌发和稗草及反枝苋株高生长均有较好的抑制作用，叶片化感强度大于树皮和树枝，叶片粉末拌土处理抑草效果好于浸提液叶面喷施；对作物的化感作用结果表明，圆柏叶片浸提液稀释1.5倍时，抑制荞麦种子萌发但不影响其株高及根生长，不影响燕麦种子萌发但降低其株高和根长生长，抑制油菜的发芽势和发芽指数但不影响其种子萌发率，促进油菜株高及根长生长，不影响向日葵种子萌发和生长。综上所述，圆柏具有良好的抑草活性，对作物影响较小。     

两个地理种群蠋蝽的生物学特性差异比较

蠋蝽Arma chinensis Fallou是一种优良的捕食性天敌昆虫, 在多种农林害虫的生物防治中发挥着重要作用?为明确不同地理来源的蠋蝽种群的生物学特征, 指导蠋蝽的扩繁及在不同地区的释放应用, 本研究测定并比较了河北廊坊和贵州六盘水两个地区蠋蝽种群的表观形态?发育历期?成虫寿命和繁殖能力等生物学指标?结果表明, 贵州六盘水蠋蝽种群的体型显著大于河北廊坊种群; 河北廊坊蠋蝽种群的若虫期虽长于贵州六盘水种群, 但二者无显著差异; 河北廊坊种群配对饲养的雄虫和单雌饲养的雌虫其寿命显著长于贵州六盘水种群, 配对饲养的雌虫寿命两种群间无显著差异; 两个种群蠋蝽雌虫均在羽化后5~8 d进入产卵高峰期, 贵州六盘水种群的产卵前期较短, 且配对饲养条件下其单雌产卵量显著高于河北廊坊种群?     

盐肤木施肥效应及角倍蚜营养环境初步研究

对盐肤木叶片成分分析结果表明 :寄生角倍的叶片与正常叶片相比 ,叶组织内的氨基酸和Vc的浓度由 11.0 6 % ,1.15 %降低到 7.85 %和 0 .6 8% ,幅度很大 ;总N和单宁的浓度也略有降低 ,而可溶性总糖的浓度则稍有升高。通过盆栽施肥试验得出 :N、P肥不但可促进盐肤木幼树生长 ,并影响叶片内Vc的含量 ,但对叶片内的可溶性糖、单宁及总氮含量没有明显的影响 ;施N肥对叶组织的碳氮比(C/N)的作用较P肥明显     

红阳猕猴桃茎段愈伤组织诱导成苗技术

以红阳猕猴桃为试材 ,通过田间植株茎段愈伤组织诱导、分化培养 ,研究其成苗技术 ,试验发现 ,MS +BA 1 0mg·L-1+NAA 0 1mg·L-1可以获得 88%的愈伤组织诱导率 ,而且所得到的愈伤组织易于分化成苗。在MS +BA 2 0mg·L-1+NAA 0 1mg·L-1中 ,芽分化率达到 5 6 6 %。 1/ 2MS +NAA 0 2mg·L-1为生根培养基     

配比施肥对南方红豆杉幼林生长的影响

研究了配比施肥对2年生红豆杉幼林生长的影响.结果表明,在土壤肥力中下,N、P及有机质含量稍低的情况下,N、P、K适当配比施肥能显著促进南方红豆杉生长,但过量施肥,则会抑制其生长.N、P、K不同配比施肥对南方红豆杉幼林生长的影响差异显著,施肥在抽梢长度、地径年生长量、分枝数和干物质积累(株干质量)上分别比CK高33.14%～80.77%、100.00%～161.90%、11.81%～47.17%和207.42%～325.05%.试验设置的15个配比处理中,以7号处理最佳,12号处理最差,前者在上述4个生长性状上分别较后者高47.63%、61.90%、35.36%和117.63%.P素对南方红豆杉幼林生长影响最大,缺P时增施N和K效果较差.N×P互作效应显著,配比施用N、P能显著促进南方红豆杉幼林生长.     

夏蜡梅组织培养试验初报

以夏蜡梅茎段为外植体，进行夏蜡梅组培试验，结果表明：外植体茎段的最佳消毒方式是先用70％酒精消毒10—15s，再用0．1％HgCl溶液浸泡3—5min；继代增殖培养的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA2．0mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L＋蔗糖30g/L，增殖系数4．03，茎芽生长粗壮；最佳生根培养基为I／2MS＋IBA0．4mg/L。     

华山矾大小孢子的发育和雌雄配子体的形成

研究了华山矾大、小孢子发育和花粉壁的形成以及大孢子的发生和雌配子体的发育过程。华山矾的花药四室。绒毡层腺质型 ,发育后期出现双核至多核。小孢子四分体四面体型 ,胞质分裂连续型。成熟花粉具 2细胞。子房 2室 ,中轴胎座。胚珠倒生 ,单珠被 ,薄珠心 ,胚囊发育为蓼型。该研究为山矾科的胚胎学提供了新资料。